How does increasing water age influence disinfection byproduct formation and microbial safety, and which management strategies help reduce water age?

• A. Longer water age increases disinfection byproduct formation and risk of microbial regrowth; strategies include increasing residuals, reducing storage time, optimizing the treatment train, and minimizing storage.
• B. Shorter water age increases disinfection byproduct formation and microbial risk; strategies include increasing residuals, reducing storage time, optimizing treatment train, and minimizing storage.
• C. Water age has no effect on disinfection byproducts or microbial safety.
• D. Longer water age decreases microbial risk; strategies focus on increasing storage time.

Answer: (A)